P&G promotes its Licensing

Procter & Gamble claims to generate significant revenues through licensing some of its brands and technologies to other firms.

P&G announced more than $3bn in returns from licenses for each of the three years since it started tracking.

Often, those numbers shape royalty income expectations, when brand owners start licensing programs.

To be kept in mind, many multinational companies are charging their subsidiaries and importers royalties as part of inter-company transfer pricing. It is generally accepted and legitimate.

Unless those are taken into consideration, the numbers can be inflated.